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Hydraulic excavators

Tracked hydraulic excavator

The machine this whole site is built around.
A turret that turns, an arm that articulates, a hydraulic line available at the end of the arm:
everything is made so that the tool changes and the machine stays.

Other names for this machine: mechanical shovel, digger, excavator, 'the digger'.

The essentials
Category
CACES R.482A category B1 above 6 t; category A below
Status
Direct carrier of attachments

The whole fleet →

01 Use

What it does

Silhouette of a tracked hydraulic excavator: a tracked chassis resting on the ground, a turret slewing above it and carrying the cab and the counterweight, then the boom, the dipper arm and the bucket. A circular arrow recalls that the turret turns without the chassis moving. Diagrammatic silhouette, without dimensions and not to scale.
What sets it apart:
its turret turns without the machine moving — it works standing still, in an enclosed space.
Tracked hydraulic excavator seen at three-quarters on an earthworks platform
A tracked excavator at work:
the turret turning, the arm folding, and the chassis staying put.
It is the machine this whole site is built around.
Synthetic image.
A tracked excavator picking up earthworks material, its loaded bucket coming up, a heap of spoil on the ground and the tracks marked with soil.
It picks up and loads without moving:
it is its slewing that works, not its travel.
Synthetic image.

It digs, picks up, loads, demolishes.
Its turret turns without the machine moving, which lets it work standing still in an enclosed space.

What it does not do. It does not travel fast and it does not carry.
Over a length of work, it loses against everything else.

02 Fitting

What governs the fitting of an attachment

  • The class of the machine It is what bounds the permissible weight and volume of the tool.
    A tool that is too heavy is not merely ineffective:
    it makes the machine unstable and tires the arm.
  • The coupler system Direct mounting, mechanical, hydraulic or automatic quick coupler, and the type of the coupler itself.
    It is the first thing to identify, and the one people get wrong most often.
  • The flow of the auxiliary line Expressed in litres per minute.
    A hydraulic tool fed below its flow works badly; fed above it, it overheats and wears out.
  • The pressure available In bar.
    The flow makes the speed, the pressure makes the force.
    Both are checked, never one without the other.
  • The free return to tank Some tools, hammers and mulchers first among them, require it.
    Its absence does not show on a sales sheet and is discovered when fitting.
  • The lifting capacity at the working reach It has nothing to do with the weight of the machine.
    It is read on the manufacturer's load chart, at the real reach and height of the work.
03 Reference point

One model, as a reference point

The values below hold for this model only.
They are there to give an order of magnitude to anyone who has none, not to serve as a reference.

Caterpillar 320
Operating weight
22,600 kg (standard boom, R2.9 arm, 1.19 m³ bucket)
ISO 9249 power
128,5 kW
Main pump
429 l/min (two pumps of 214.5 l/min)
Maximum pressure
35,000 kPa, that is 350 bar (standard equipment)
Pressure, heavy lift
38,000 kPa, that is 380 bar

Caveat. The flow of the auxiliary circuit depends on the optional equipment fitted:
it is not published on this sheet and has to be read off on the machine.

Source. Caterpillar technical data sheet, reference AFXQ2161-07,
document of September 2023, recorded on 1 September 2026.

These values are those of one precise model, at one precise date. They do not describe a category:
there are no characteristics of a compact loader in general, there are those of the model you have.
They change from one year to the next and never replace the data sheet of your machine.

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